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Lead and morbidity: A dose-response relationship

L M Irwig, W O Harrison, P Rocks

    Lancet (London, England)
    |July 1, 1978
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Blood-lead level is the most effective laboratory test for monitoring lead exposure in factory workers. This simple blood test best predicts health issues, making it crucial for occupational health surveillance.

    Area of Science:

    • Occupational Health
    • Environmental Toxicology
    • Industrial Hygiene

    Background:

    • Lead exposure in industrial settings poses significant health risks to workers.
    • Various laboratory tests are available for monitoring lead exposure, but their efficacy varies.
    • Identifying the most predictive biomarker is crucial for effective occupational health surveillance.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To identify the most useful laboratory test for monitoring lead-exposed factory workers.
    • To determine which test best predicts measures of morbidity associated with lead exposure.
    • To evaluate the predictive value of different biomarkers for lead-induced health effects.

    Main Methods:

    • A cohort of 639 lead-exposed factory workers was studied.

    Related Experiment Videos

  • Workers were assessed for symptoms of morbidity (abdominal ache, constipation, fatigue) and physical signs (hand tremor).
  • Laboratory tests including packed-cell volume, blood-lead, urinary lead, and delta-aminolaevulinic acid were performed on 489 workers.

    • Main Results:

    • Approximately 50% of workers exhibited excessive or dangerous levels of lead absorption based on urinary lead and delta-aminolaevulinic acid.
    • Blood-lead levels demonstrated a stronger correlation with morbidity indicators compared to other laboratory tests.
    • Additional laboratory data did not significantly improve the prediction of morbidity beyond blood-lead measurements.

    Conclusions:

    • Blood-lead measurement is the most meaningful and effective test for monitoring lead exposure in industrial workers.
    • The predictive power of blood-lead for morbidity suggests its utility in occupational health programs.
    • Lead's impact on worker health does not appear to be primarily mediated through the porphyrin metabolic pathway.