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Risk factors associated with morbidity and mortality of pneumonia in Thai children under 5 years

S Suwanjutha1, S Ruangkanchanasetr, T Chantarojanasiri

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.

The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health
|March 1, 1994
PubMed

Insights

Community-acquired pneumonia is a major cause of child mortality. This study identified risk factors for fatal pneumonia in Thai children, including heart disease and malnutrition, emphasizing early recognition for better outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Acute Respiratory Infections (ARI) are a leading cause of mortality in children under five.
  • Pneumonia remains the primary cause of death among these young children.
  • Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) poses a significant health burden globally.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify risk factors for mortality and morbidity in Thai children with community-acquired pneumonia.
  • To analyze predictors of fatal outcomes in pediatric pneumonia cases.
  • To inform clinical awareness and intervention strategies for severe pneumonia.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective study of 267 children with moderately severe pneumonia admitted to hospital.
  • Univariate and multiple logistic regression analyses were used to identify risk factors.
  • Data collected included patient demographics, clinical signs, and underlying conditions.

Main Results:

  • Risk factors for fatal pneumonia included lower body weight, paternal age < 35, underlying heart disease, and protein-energy malnutrition.
  • Predictors of fatal outcomes on admission were rapid respiratory rate, gallop rhythm, enlarged liver, and cyanosis.
  • Underlying heart disease, enlarged liver, and cyanosis were significant factors associated with severe pneumonia after logistic regression.

Conclusions:

  • Early recognition of specific clinical signs and risk factors is crucial for managing pediatric pneumonia.
  • Identifying children with underlying heart disease, malnutrition, or specific clinical signs can improve prognosis.
  • Timely medical intervention for severe pneumonia can potentially prevent deaths and complications in young children.

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