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Latex sensitivity among perioperative nurses

S Zaza1, J M Reeder, L E Charles

  • 1Epidemiology Program Office, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta.

AORN Journal
|November 1, 1994
PubMed
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A study found 21% of perioperative nurses experience adverse reactions to natural rubber latex products. Allergies, chronic illnesses, and frequent glove use are key risk factors for these reactions.

Area of Science:

  • Occupational Health
  • Immunology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Natural rubber latex (NRL) products are widely used in healthcare settings.
  • Healthcare professionals, particularly perioperative nurses, face significant exposure to NRL.
  • Adverse reactions to NRL can range from localized dermatitis to severe systemic responses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of adverse reactions to NRL products in perioperative nurses.
  • To identify independent risk factors associated with NRL reactions.
  • To describe the clinical spectrum of these reactions.

Main Methods:

  • A self-reporting questionnaire was administered to a national sample of 2,200 perioperative nurses.
  • Data were collected from 1,738 respondents.

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  • Multivariate analysis was used to identify risk factors.

    • Main Results:

    • A prevalence of 21% (369/1,738) for reported latex reactions was observed.
    • Independent risk factors included a history of allergies (cosmetic powders, other allergies), chronic illnesses, and regular use of latex gloves.
    • Contact dermatitis was the most common reaction, but severe systemic reactions were also reported.

    Conclusions:

    • Adverse reactions to natural rubber latex are prevalent among perioperative nurses.
    • Specific allergies, chronic health conditions, and occupational exposure are significant risk factors.
    • The clinical presentation varies, necessitating awareness and preventive strategies in healthcare environments.