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[Insulin resistance: role in type 2 diabetes]

J Girard1

  • 1Centre de Recherche sur l'Endocrinologie Moléculaire, CNRS, Meudon, France.

Diabete & Metabolisme
|November 1, 1994
PubMed
Summary

Type 2 diabetes, a global health issue affecting 10% of adults, involves impaired insulin secretion and insulin resistance. Early identification of high-risk individuals is crucial for managing this multifactorial disease.

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Metabolic Diseases

Context:

  • Type 2 diabetes affects 10% of the global adult population, characterized by impaired glucose homeostasis.
  • Glucose intolerance affects 10% of adults, with 50% developing non-insulin-dependent diabetes.

Purpose:

  • To elucidate the pathogenic mechanisms of Type 2 diabetes, differentiating between insulin resistance and defective insulin secretion.
  • To identify high-risk individuals for Type 2 diabetes based on genetic and environmental factors.

Summary:

  • Type 2 diabetes is characterized by deficient pancreatic insulin secretion, increased hepatic glucose production, and insulin resistance in peripheral tissues.
  • Distinguishing between insulin resistance and defective insulin secretion is challenging in diagnosed patients but feasible in high-risk individuals.
  • Genetic factors, such as having two diabetic parents, significantly increase Type 2 diabetes incidence, highlighting its multifactorial nature.

Impact:

  • Improved understanding of Type 2 diabetes pathogenesis aids in early detection and risk stratification.
  • Identifying distinct stages of metabolic disorder and secretory abnormalities can guide therapeutic strategies.
  • Recognizing the interplay of genetic and environmental factors is key to managing this prevalent healthcare problem.

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