Snakebite in herpetologists

To define the risk of snake envenomation in herpetologists, assess factors which lead to their being bitten, assess their occupational morbidity and propose preventive stratagems.

Interview of 14 of the most experienced professional herpetologists in Queensland; and questionnaire to 14 members of the Cape York Peninsula Herpetological Society, Cairns, Queensland.

The 28 herpetologists had sustained 119 bites by potentially dangerous species, and hundreds of clinically insignificant bites. Seventeen had been admitted to hospital. Only five had never been bitten by a medically dangerous snake and 14 had been bitten on two or more occasions. Correct first-aid techniques were applied in less than half the bites. Two had permanent morbidity--renal damage, and permanent tissue damage to the hands. Anaphylactic reactions from the repeated use of antivenom did not occur. The experienced herpetologists sustained a life-threatening bite every 10 years (median). Four herpetologists had been bitten by the western taipan (Oxyuranus microlepidotus), the world's most venomous snake.

Herpetologists working with highly venomous snakes are at high risk. Prevention involves recognising the risk; possessing a first-aid certificate; applying standard first-aid if a bite is sustained; carrying a mobile telephone; and not working alone.