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Related Concept Videos

Immunodeficiency Diseases01:25

Immunodeficiency Diseases

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Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
There are three main causes of immunodeficiency...
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Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

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Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
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T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

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T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 24, 2026

Isolation of CD4+ T-cells and Analysis of Circulating T-follicular Helper cTfh Cell Subsets from Peripheral Blood Using 6-color Flow Cytometry
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Isolation of CD4+ T-cells and Analysis of Circulating T-follicular Helper cTfh Cell Subsets from Peripheral Blood Using 6-color Flow Cytometry

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[Idiopathic CD4 lymphocytopenia]

C Piketty, L Weiss, M Kazatchkine

    Presse Medicale (Paris, France : 1983)
    |October 8, 1994
    PubMed
    Summary

    Idiopathic CD4 lymphocytopenia is a rare syndrome defined by low CD4+ T-cell counts without HIV. This condition, distinct from HIV infection, is likely a primary immunodeficiency.

    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Virology
    • Clinical Medicine

    Background:

    • CD4+ lymphocyte counts are stable in healthy adults but drop sharply in HIV infection, serving as a predictive marker.
    • Case reports of non-HIV immunosuppression prompted a search for other retroviruses, but none were found.
    • The Centers for Disease Control and World Health Organization defined Idiopathic CD4 Lymphocytopenia (ICL).

    Discussion:

    • ICL is characterized by CD4 counts below 300/mm3 or <20% of lymphocytes in successive counts, without HIV antibodies or known causes of immune deficiency.
    • The syndrome is extremely rare, likely not new, with no known endemic zones or human-to-human transmission.
    • Clinical presentation differs from HIV, with relative CD4 count stability and absence of hypergammaglobulinaemia despite susceptibility to opportunistic infections.

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    Assessing the Innate Sensing of HIV-1 Infected CD4+ T Cells by Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Using an Ex vivo Co-culture System.
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    Assessing the Innate Sensing of HIV-1 Infected CD4+ T Cells by Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Using an Ex vivo Co-culture System.

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    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Feb 24, 2026

    Isolation of CD4+ T-cells and Analysis of Circulating T-follicular Helper cTfh Cell Subsets from Peripheral Blood Using 6-color Flow Cytometry
    07:39

    Isolation of CD4+ T-cells and Analysis of Circulating T-follicular Helper cTfh Cell Subsets from Peripheral Blood Using 6-color Flow Cytometry

    Published on: January 7, 2019

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    Imaging CD4 T Cell Interstitial Migration in the Inflamed Dermis
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    Imaging CD4 T Cell Interstitial Migration in the Inflamed Dermis

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    Assessing the Innate Sensing of HIV-1 Infected CD4+ T Cells by Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Using an Ex vivo Co-culture System.
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    Assessing the Innate Sensing of HIV-1 Infected CD4+ T Cells by Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Using an Ex vivo Co-culture System.

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    Key Insights:

    • No evidence of an immunosuppressive retrovirus other than HIV has been found.
    • Idiopathic CD4 Lymphocytopenia is a distinct clinical syndrome.
    • ICL is proposed to be a primary immunodeficiency syndrome.

    Outlook:

    • Further research is needed to understand the pathogenesis of Idiopathic CD4 Lymphocytopenia.
    • Investigating potential genetic or environmental factors contributing to ICL is warranted.
    • Developing targeted therapies for ICL may improve patient outcomes.