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Opioid involvement in alcohol drinking

J C Froehlich1, T K Li

  • 1Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis 46202.

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
|October 31, 1994
PubMed
Summary
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The endogenous opioid system significantly influences alcohol consumption. Blocking opioid receptors with antagonists reduces alcohol intake and craving in both animals and humans, suggesting a therapeutic role for alcoholism treatment.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Pharmacology
  • Addiction Research

Background:

  • The endogenous opioid system is implicated in regulating alcohol drinking behavior.
  • Alcohol's reinforcing effects may stem from activating this system.
  • Pharmacological evidence supports the role of endogenous opioids in alcohol consumption.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review evidence on the endogenous opioid system's role in alcohol consumption.
  • To discuss the therapeutic potential of opioid antagonists for alcoholism.

Main Methods:

  • Review of pharmacological studies involving opioid antagonists in animal models.
  • Analysis of clinical trials assessing opioid antagonists in human alcoholics.

Main Results:

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  • Opioid antagonists significantly reduce alcohol consumption in animal models.
  • In clinical trials, opioid antagonists decreased alcohol intake, relapse rates, and craving in alcohol-dependent individuals.
  • Subjective high associated with alcohol consumption was also reduced.

Conclusions:

  • The endogenous opioid system is a key modulator of alcohol reinforcement.
  • Opioid receptor antagonists show promise as a pharmacological treatment for alcohol dependence.
  • Further investigation into the clinical utility of these antagonists is warranted.