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01:23Relation Between the Distributed Load and Shear
Understanding the relationship between the distributed load and shear force in structural analysis is crucial for analyzing beams subjected to various loading conditions. Consider the case of a beam experiencing a distributed load, two concentrated loads, and a couple moment.
01:16Clot Retraction and Fibrinolysis
After a fibrin clot is formed, the next step is clot retraction, a vital process facilitated by platelet contractile proteins, such as actin and myosin. These proteins pull the fibrin strands closer together and condense the clot. This action reduces the size of the clot, creating a smaller, denser structure that effectively seals off the damaged vessel. Clot retraction consolidates the clot and helps with wound healing by bringing the edges of the damaged blood vessel closer together.
01:18Shearing Stress
Shearing stress, denoted by the Greek letter tau (τ), is stress caused by forces acting transversely on an object. These forces create internal ones within the entity in the plane where the external forces are applied. The resultant of these internal forces is the shear in the section.
The average shearing stress can be calculated by dividing the shear by the area of the cross-section.
The average shearing stress can be calculated by dividing the shear by the area of the cross-section.
01:20Shearing Strain
The shearing strain represents a cubic element's angular change when subjected to shearing stress. This type of stress can transform a cube into an oblique parallelepiped without influencing normal strains. The cubic element experiences a significant transformation when exposed solely to shearing stress. Its shape alters from a perfect cube into a rhomboid, clearly demonstrating the effect of shearing strain. The degree of this strain is considered positive if it reduces the angle between the...
01:20Elastic Strain Energy for Shearing Stresses
As discussed in previous lessons, strain energy in a material is the energy stored when it is elastically deformed, a concept crucial in materials science and mechanical engineering. This energy results from the internal work done against the cohesive forces within the material. When a material undergoes shearing stress and corresponding shearing strain, the strain energy density, which is the energy stored per unit volume, is calculated. Within the elastic limit, where the stress is...
01:18Newtonian Fluid: Problem Solving
Newtonian fluids exhibit a constant viscosity, meaning their shear stress and shear strain rate are directly proportional. This property ensures a predictable and stable response to applied forces, maintaining a linear relationship between force and flow. Examples include water, air, and light oils, consistently demonstrating this proportional behavior regardless of external conditions.
A velocity gradient forms within the fluid when a Newtonian fluid is placed between two parallel plates, with...
A velocity gradient forms within the fluid when a Newtonian fluid is placed between two parallel plates, with...
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09:38
A Microfluidic Flow Chamber Model for Platelet Transfusion and Hemostasis Measures Platelet Deposition and Fibrin Formation in Real-time
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Clot growth under periodically fluctuating shear rate
1Department of Electronic Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, Japan.
Biorheology
|September 1, 1994
Summary
Controlling clot growth in pulsatile blood flow involves managing shear rates. Higher minimum shear rates or intermittent high shear rates effectively limit clot expansion in artificial flow paths.
Area of Science:
- Biomedical Engineering
- Fluid Dynamics
- Hematology
Background:
- Blood clot formation is crucial in hemostasis but problematic in artificial devices.
- Pulsatile blood flow presents complex hydrodynamic conditions influencing clot morphology.
- Understanding shear rate effects is key to controlling thrombosis in medical applications.
Purpose of the Study:
- To quantitatively investigate the hydrodynamic effects of fluctuating shear rates on clot growth in vitro.
- To determine how varying shear rate parameters influence clot morphology in pulsatile flow.
- To establish parameters for controlling clot size in artificial flow systems.
Main Methods:
- Utilized a concave-convex cones system to simulate artificial flow paths.
- Applied sinusoidally fluctuated shear rates to beagle blood samples.
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Main Results:
- Clot growth was significantly limited when the minimum shear rate exceeded 100 s-1.
- Intermittent application of high shear rates (> 500 s-1) also controlled clot expansion.
- These effects were observed at frequencies below 0.6 Hz.
Conclusions:
- Hydrodynamic shear rate is a critical factor in controlling in vitro blood clot morphology.
- Specific shear rate thresholds and intermittent high shear applications can prevent excessive clot formation.
- Findings offer insights for designing blood-contacting medical devices to mitigate thrombosis.