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Relationship between physical performance and self-perceived physical function

M E Cress1, K B Schechtman, C D Mulrow

  • 1University of Washington, Harborview Medical Center ZA-87, Seattle 98104.

Journal of the American Geriatrics Society
|February 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary
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Gait speed effectively measures physical function across diverse abilities. While external factors like depression influence self-perception, gait speed remains the strongest predictor of perceived physical function in older adults.

Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Rehabilitation Science
  • Health Psychology

Background:

  • Accurate measurement of physical function is crucial for assessing health and independence in older adults.
  • Understanding the relationship between self-perceived and performance-based physical function is essential for targeted interventions.
  • Factors such as cognitive status, social engagement, and mood can influence how individuals perceive their physical capabilities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare self-perceived and performance-based measures of physical function in a diverse older adult population.
  • To investigate the influence of cognitive, social, educational, and age-related factors on the agreement between these measurement methods.

Main Methods:

  • Multiple regression analysis was employed to compare self-perceived physical function (dependent variables) with performance measures (independent variables).

Related Experiment Videos

  • Participants included 417 community-dwelling older adults and 200 nursing home residents (aged 62-98 years).
  • Measures included the Sickness Impact Profile, gait speed, chair-stand time, grip strength, and balance tests, with covariates such as Mini-Mental State Exam scores and depression scores.

    • Main Results:

    • Self-perceived and performance-based physical function measures showed moderate correlations (r = -.194 to -.625).
    • Self-selected gait speed emerged as the strongest independent predictor of self-perceived physical function in both community-dwelling and nursing home residents.
    • Depressive symptoms significantly predicted self-perceived dysfunction in nursing home residents, independent of performance measures.

    Conclusions:

    • Self-selected gait speed serves as a robust indicator of self-perceived physical function across a wide spectrum of abilities in older adults.
    • While external factors like depressive symptoms and cognitive function impact self-perceived function, gait speed is the most significant predictor.
    • Depressive symptomatology is particularly linked to self-perceived physical function among nursing home residents.