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Crotalaria juncea intoxication in horses

D Nobre1, M L Dagli, M Haraguchi

  • 1Animal Biochemistry Section, Biological Institute of Sao Paulo, Brazil.

Veterinary and Human Toxicology
|October 1, 1994
PubMed
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Crotalaria juncea seed ingestion caused fatal lung and liver damage in horses. This study confirmed Crotalaria juncea intoxication by reproducing similar lesions in guinea pigs.

Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Toxicology
  • Equine Pathology

Background:

  • Crotalaria juncea, a legume, can be toxic when ingested.
  • Equine intoxication by Crotalaria species is a significant concern in livestock health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the toxic effects of Crotalaria juncea seeds in horses.
  • To confirm the diagnosis of Crotalaria juncea intoxication through experimental reproduction of lesions.

Main Methods:

  • Horses were fed a diet containing 40% Crotalaria juncea seeds, and clinical signs and post-mortem lesions were recorded.
  • Guinea pigs were experimentally fed a diet with 40% Crotalaria juncea seeds to reproduce the toxic effects.

Main Results:

  • Horses exhibited staggering, dyspnea, and fever, with necropsy revealing lung consolidation and liver congestion.

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  • Histopathology showed fibrosing alveolitis and hyaline membranes in lungs, and hepatic congestion in both horses and guinea pigs.
  • Experimental feeding in guinea pigs led to similar clinical signs and pathological findings, confirming Crotalaria juncea toxicity.

    • Conclusions:

    • Crotalaria juncea seed consumption is directly implicated in the observed equine pathology.
    • The study confirms Crotalaria juncea intoxication as the cause of severe respiratory and hepatic disease in horses.