Regulation of TGF beta 3 gene expression in embryonic palatal tissue

The TGF beta family of genes has been shown to play an important role in regulating various aspects of development, although the mechanisms by which TGF beta exerts its effects have not yet been clarified. Growth and differentiation of both murine embryonic palate mesenchymal (MEPM) cells and palatal epithelium can be regulated by the TGF beta s. We therefore examined the expression of mRNAs encoding TGF beta 1, TGF beta 2, and TGF beta 3 in developing embryonic palatal tissue as well as factors that modulate their levels of expression. Northern blot analysis of RNA isolated from murine embryonic palatal tissue on gestational days (GD) 12, 13, and 14 demonstrated the presence of one mRNA transcript for TGF beta 1 (2.5 kb), two transcripts for TGF beta 2 (4.4 kb, 6.0 kb), and one transcript for TGF beta 3 (3.5 kb). Although steady-state levels of TGF beta 1 mRNA showed no changes during development of the palate, TGF beta 2 mRNA levels were maximal on both GD13 and GD14 and TGF beta 3 mRNA levels transiently increased on GD 13. In addition, levels of TGF beta 3 mRNA seemed much higher than either TGF beta 1 or TGF beta 2. both TGF beta 1 and TGF beta 2 were able to increase, in a dose-related manner, the expression of TGF beta 3 mRNA in murine embryonic palate mesenchymal cells in vitro. In contrast, epidermal growth factor (EGF) down-regulated the expression of TGF beta 3 mRNA even in the presence of TGF beta 1 or TGF beta 2.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)