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Body mass index and lactation performance

A M Prentice1, G R Goldberg, A Prentice

  • 1MRC Dunn Nutrition Unit, Cambridge UK.

European Journal of Clinical Nutrition
|November 1, 1994
PubMed
Summary

Low body mass index (BMI) does not indicate impaired lactation performance. Studies show mothers with low BMI produce high milk volumes, suggesting lactation is robust even in undernourished populations.

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Area of Science:

  • Human Nutrition
  • Lactation Physiology
  • Maternal Health

Background:

  • Body Mass Index (BMI) is commonly used to assess nutritional status.
  • Understanding factors affecting lactation performance is crucial for infant health.
  • The relationship between maternal BMI and milk production requires further clarification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if low maternal BMI is a reliable indicator of impaired lactation.
  • To analyze the association between maternal BMI and breast milk quantity and quality.
  • To assess the robustness of human lactation under varying nutritional conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic analysis of data from 41 databases.
  • Inclusion of 1726 measurements of breast milk quantity and/or quality.
  • Statistical analysis of maternal BMI in relation to milk volume, composition, and energy content across populations and subgroups.

Main Results:

  • No detectable relationship between maternal BMI and breast milk volume was found.
  • Mothers with low BMI (<18.5) exhibited high milk volumes.
  • Breast milk composition, including energy content, appears largely unaffected by low BMI, except for potential minor variations in milk fat.

Conclusions:

  • Human lactation performance is highly robust and not accurately predicted by maternal BMI.
  • Low BMI does not serve as a useful indicator of lactation impairment.
  • Lactation is only compromised under severe undernutrition, such as famine conditions.

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