Structure and growth-dependent regulation of the human cyclin B1 promoter

As a step toward defining the signals important for the regulation of cyclin B1 expression, we cloned, sequenced, and partially characterized a 1012-bp genomic fragment encompassing the human cyclin B1 promoter. By transient expression experiments, we found that promoter activity resides within a -150/+182-bp DNA fragment. The activity of this promoter fragment was high in asynchronous NIH-3T3 cells, but dramatically decreased in quiescent cells. Time-course experiments, using stable transfectants expressing the CAT gene under the control of this fragment, were performed after releasing the cells from serum starvation. The results showed that the promoter becomes active at the end of the S phase and its activity increases during the cell cycle. Similar experiments performed with a shorter promoter region (-58/+182) showed that this 5' deletion mutant is active throughout the cell cycle. In good agreement with promoter activity, Northern analysis indicated that the endogenous gene is negatively regulated in quiescent murine NIH-3T3 cells. The data presented here demonstrate that in NIH-3T3 cells the cyclin B1 promoter is growth regulated, and important regulatory elements must exist in the region spanning -150 to -58 bp.