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Malaria epidemiological trends in Italy

G Sabatinelli1, G Majori, F D'Ancona

  • 1Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Laboratory of Parasitology, Rome, Italy.

European Journal of Epidemiology
|August 1, 1994
PubMed
Summary

Malaria cases in Italy (1989-1992) showed a decrease in Italians but an increase in foreigners. Plasmodium falciparum was the dominant species, with most cases imported from Africa.

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Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Malaria remains a significant global health concern, with imported cases posing a risk in non-endemic countries.
  • Understanding the epidemiological trends of malaria is crucial for effective public health interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of malaria cases reported in Italy between 1989 and 1992.
  • To identify trends in incidence, causative Plasmodium species, geographical origin of infections, and outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective epidemiological analysis of malaria cases reported by local health laboratories in Italy.
  • Data collection included patient demographics, Plasmodium species, country of infection, and clinical outcomes.

Main Results:

  • A total of 1,941 malaria cases were reported (1,287 Italians, 654 foreigners).
  • Incidence decreased by 21.5% among Italians but increased by 80% among foreigners.
  • Plasmodium falciparum (74.2%) was the predominant species, with most cases imported from Africa (86.5%).
  • Eleven cases were locally acquired in Europe (transfusion, airport, cryptic malaria).
  • Twenty-six deaths occurred, with a 2.3% fatality rate among Italians.

Conclusions:

  • Malaria epidemiology in Italy during 1989-1992 was characterized by a decreasing trend in native Italians and an increasing trend in foreign nationals.
  • Imported malaria, primarily Plasmodium falciparum from Africa, represented the vast majority of cases.
  • The occurrence of locally acquired malaria, though rare, highlights the need for continued surveillance and prevention efforts.

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