Purification and characterization of leukotriene A4 hydrolase from human epidermis

The leukotriene A4 hydrolase is a central enzyme in leukotriene B4 formation. Unlike 5-lipoxygenase, leukotriene A4 hydrolase activity is present in normal human epidermis, where it is likely to be involved in transcellular leukotriene formation. In this study the leukotriene A4 hydrolase was purified from human epidermis and human cultured keratinocytes and compared with leukotriene A4 hydrolase from human neutrophils. To purify leukotriene A4 hydrolase from human epidermis a new non-specific affinity chromatography column, with the leukotriene A4 hydrolase inhibitor bestatin coupled to AH-Sepharose, was introduced. The epidermal leukotriene A4 hydrolase was purified to apparent homogeneity and the molecular weight was determined to be approximately 70,000 Da by SDS-PAGE. The pI was 5.1-5.4 for the epidermal as well as the keratinocyte and neutrophil leukotriene A4 hydrolase, as determined by chromatofocusing. Only minor differences in the amino acid composition were seen between the three enzyme sources. The optimal pH for the hydrolase activity was 7.5-8.5 for the epidermal and neutrophil leukotriene A4 hydrolases. Finally, it was also shown that the epidermal leukotriene A4 hydrolase undergoes suicide inactivation when transforming leukotriene A4 into leukotriene B4. It was concluded that there is a close resemblance between the epidermal leukotriene A4 hydrolase and the hydrolase found in other cell types. Therefore, the human epidermis may be a good model for the in vivo study of transcellular leukotriene formation.