Women and coronary heart disease

Research in the diagnosis and treatment of coronary heart disease has largely excluded women despite an increasing incidence, morbidity and mortality in women. This article outlines gender differences in cardiac anatomy and physiology; identifies risk factors in women; reviews primary prevention trials; discusses diagnostic techniques and therapeutic interventions in women. Understanding the strengths and weaknesses of the current knowledge of coronary heart disease in women is essential to planning effective, individualized nursing care.