[Retinal vasculitis and antiphospholipid antibodies]

Area of Science:

• Ophthalmology
• Rheumatology
• Hematology

Background:

• Antiphospholipid antibodies (APAb) are associated with thrombosis in systemic lupus erythematosus (secondary antiphospholipid syndrome).
• Primary antiphospholipid syndrome lacks other systemic lupus erythematosus symptoms.
• This syndrome can lead to arterial or venous thrombosis.

Observation:

• Three young patients presented with severe occlusive vasculitis, vitreal hemorrhages, and/or thrombosis.
• Two patients experienced severe vision loss despite various treatments.
• One patient achieved reperfusion with hemodilution and acetylsalicylic acid.

Findings:

• Antiphospholipid antibodies disrupt blood clotting via platelet activation, endothelial function, and the coagulation cascade.
• The optimal treatment for primary antiphospholipid syndrome is not yet established.
• Acetylsalicylic acid appears crucial, while immunosuppression and steroids show uncertain efficacy.

Implications:

• This case series highlights the severe visual consequences of primary antiphospholipid syndrome.
• Further research is needed to determine the most effective therapeutic strategies.
• Prompt diagnosis and intervention, potentially including acetylsalicylic acid, are vital for managing this rare condition.