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Lung development

J W DiFiore1, J M Wilson

  • 1Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115.

Seminars in Pediatric Surgery
|November 1, 1994
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Human lung development involves distinct stages, with growth influenced by physical factors and maturation by hormones. Understanding these processes is key to fetal lung development research.

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Area of Science:

  • Pulmonology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Fetal Medicine

Background:

  • Human lung development is a complex process occurring in five overlapping stages: embryonic, pseudoglandular, canalicular, saccular, and alveolar.
  • It involves two distinct yet related processes: lung growth and lung maturation, which appear to be independently regulated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the anatomic and morphological characteristics of each lung development stage.
  • To discuss general principles of lung development, including pneumocyte cytodifferentiation.
  • To explore the factors influencing lung growth and maturation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on human lung development stages.
  • Analysis of the roles of physical factors (e.g., intrathoracic space, lung liquid) in lung growth.

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  • Examination of hormonal regulation (e.g., pituitary, adrenal, thyroid hormones) in lung maturation.

    • Main Results:

    • Lung growth is primarily influenced by physical factors like lung liquid volume and pressure.
    • Lung maturation comprises structural and biochemical components, with structural maturation linked to physical factors and biochemical maturation to hormonal regulation.
    • Fetal lung liquid dynamics and interventions like tracheal occlusion significantly impact lung growth.

    Conclusions:

    • Lung growth and maturation are separately controlled processes crucial for fetal development.
    • Physical factors play a significant role in both structural lung maturation and overall lung growth.
    • Hormonal regulation is essential for the biochemical maturation of the lung, particularly surfactant production.