Molecular epidemiology of gastric colonization by Enterococcus faecalis in a surgical intensive care unit

We applied restriction endonuclease analysis of genomic DNA using pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) to study gastric colonization with Enterococcus faecalis among patients hospitalized in the surgical intensive care unit (SICU). Isolates were obtained by culturing prospectively the gastric contents of 140 patients in the SICU. In addition, cultures of respiratory specimens were obtained daily and cultures of blood, normally sterile body fluids, wounds, and urine were obtained when indicated clinically. A total of 177 isolates were obtained from 45 patients. Concentrations of E. faecalis in gastric fluid ranged from 1 x 10(2) colony forming units (CFU)/ml to greater than 5 x 10(7) CFU/ml (mean 8.0 x 10(6) CFU/ml). Overall, 33 different DNA types were identified by PEGE. In examining strain variation among isolates obtained from multiple anatomic sites over time, we found that the same DNA type was recovered from gastric aspirates, sputum, and wounds in a given patient and that these strains were carried over time. In general, given individuals were colonized with their own unique DNA type; however, one DNA type (type C) was shared by 11 different patients, and seven DNA types were shared by two individuals each. These results demonstrate the potential importance of gastric colonization as a reservoir for nosocomial strains of E. faecalis in an SICU setting.