Mathematical modelling of immunotherapy in HIV infection

The effect of active or passive immunotherapy on HIV infection was simulated using a mathematical model of CD4+ lymphocyte depletion. Permanently effective active immunotherapy increased CD4+ lymphocyte counts to a steady-state level depending on the intensity of the therapy. Active HIV immunization effective for one or more years increased CD4+ lymphocyte counts during the treatment period and prolonged survival substantially; this prolongation exceeded the time interval of therapy duration. Intensive passive immunotherapy by anti-HIV antibodies led to a temporary increase of CD4+ lymphocyte numbers and an apparent prolongation of survival.