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Smoking as an additional risk for tooth loss

G Holm1

  • 1County Clinic for Periodontology and Dental Hygiene Education, Gävleborg County, Gävle, Sweden.

Journal of Periodontology
|November 1, 1994
PubMed
Summary

Smoking significantly increases tooth loss risk, particularly for younger males smoking over 15 cigarettes daily. Maintaining good oral hygiene is crucial, but smoking remains a key predictor of tooth loss, especially in individuals under 50.

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Area of Science:

  • Oral Health
  • Epidemiology
  • Risk Factor Analysis

Background:

  • Tooth loss is linked to aging and oral microorganisms causing caries and periodontitis.
  • Preventive strategies focus on plaque removal and maintaining oral hygiene.
  • Despite good hygiene, some individuals develop periodontitis, with smoking identified as a potential risk factor.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether smoking is a significant risk factor for tooth loss.
  • To quantify the association between smoking habits and the incidence of tooth loss.
  • To identify specific demographic groups at higher risk for smoking-related tooth loss.

Main Methods:

  • A longitudinal epidemiological study followed 273 individuals for 10 years.
  • Data collected included age, smoking status (cigarettes per day), plaque scores, and tooth loss incidence.
  • Statistical analysis was performed to determine relative risk and proportional attributable risk.

Main Results:

  • Over 10 years, 93 participants lost 260 teeth.
  • Younger individuals and males smoking >15 cigarettes/day had the highest relative risk of tooth loss (4.55 and 3.18, respectively).
  • Smokers under 50 years showed the highest proportional attributable risk (78% for heavy smokers).
  • High plaque score, smoking, and age were the strongest predictors of tooth loss.

Conclusions:

  • Smoking is a significant risk factor for tooth loss, independent of age and oral hygiene.
  • Younger smokers, particularly males consuming >15 cigarettes daily, represent a high-risk group.
  • Combined interventions addressing smoking cessation and plaque control are essential for preventing tooth loss.

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