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Dyslipidaemias in white and black treated essential hypertensive patients
1Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto Central, Divisão de Nefrologia, Brasil.
Insights
Black hypertensives had lower serum lipids and dyslipidaemia prevalence than white hypertensives, suggesting racial differences influence lipid profiles in hypertension.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Genetics
- Public Health
Background:
- Essential hypertension affects diverse populations with varying risk factors.
- Serum lipid profiles are critical indicators of cardiovascular health.
- Racial disparities in hypertension and lipid metabolism are increasingly recognized.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare serum lipid profiles between white and black individuals with treated essential hypertension.
- To investigate racial differences in the prevalence and types of dyslipidaemia.
- To explore the influence of race on lipid metabolism in hypertensive patients.
Main Methods:
- Cross-sectional study involving 143 white and 75 black patients with treated essential hypertension.
- Analysis of serum lipid profiles, including LDL-C, HDL-C, and triglycerides (TG).
- Assessment of dyslipidaemia prevalence and classification (Types IIa, IIb, IV, isolated low HDL-C).
Main Results:
- White hypertensives exhibited significantly higher mean LDL-C and TG levels compared to black hypertensives.
- The prevalence of dyslipidaemia was higher in white (64%) than in black (52%) patients.
- Specific dyslipidaemia types (IIa, IIb, IV) were more common in whites, while isolated low HDL-C was more prevalent in blacks.
Conclusions:
- Significant racial differences exist in serum lipid profiles and dyslipidaemia patterns among treated essential hypertensives.
- These disparities may be attributed to genetic or racial factors rather than nutritional trends.
- Further research is warranted to elucidate the mechanisms underlying these observed racial variations.
Abstract:
Serum lipid profiles were evaluated in 143 white (31 men, 112 women, aged 58.4 +/- 0.9 years) and in 75 black-individuals (16 men, 59 women, aged 52.6 +/- 1.0 years) with treated essential hypertension. Hypertension onset was earlier in the blacks than the whites (39.7 +/- 1.0 vs. 46.6 +/- 1.1 years). Duration of hypertension was similar in both races (11.8 +/- 1.0 and 12.9 +/- 1.0 years) and did not correlate with serum lipid values. Mean serum lipids, excluding HDL-C, were significantly higher in white than in black hypertensives (LDL-C 4.19 +/- 0.08 vs. 3.82 +/- 0.13; TG 1.80 +/- 0.10 vs. 1.40 +/- 0.09 mmol/l; LDL-C/HDL-C 4.0 +/- 0.1 vs. 3.6 +/- 0.2). The prevalence of dyslipidaemia was significantly higher in white than in black patients (64% vs. 52%). Types IIa, IIb and IV were more prevalent in whites and isolated low HDL-C in blacks. Obesity was found in 27% of the whites and 31% of the blacks. Hypertriglyceridaemia was more frequent in obese hypertensives of both races, but mostly among the white obese patients. Among lipid values within the normal range, the mean levels of serum lipids were similar in both races, with the exception of triglyceridaemia, which was significantly lower in black than in white hypertensives. These findings may be attributed to racial differences rather than to nutritional trends.