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Related Experiment Videos

Pentagastrin induced panic attacks: enhanced sensitivity in panic disorder patients

H J van Megen1, H G Westenberg, J A den Boer

  • 1Department of Biological Psychiatry, Academic Hospital Utrecht, The Netherlands.

Psychopharmacology
|April 1, 1994
PubMed
Summary

Pentagastrin, a CCK4 analogue, induced panic attacks in 55% of panic disorder patients but only 5% of controls. This suggests heightened CCK receptor sensitivity in individuals with panic disorder.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Panic disorder is a debilitating psychiatric condition.
  • Cholecystokinin tetrapeptide (CCK4) and its analogue pentagastrin are known to induce panic-like symptoms.
  • The precise role of CCK receptors in panic disorder pathophysiology remains under investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the panicogenic effects of varying intravenous pentagastrin dosages in patients with panic disorder and healthy controls.
  • To compare the sensitivity of CCK receptors between panic disorder patients and healthy individuals.

Main Methods:

  • An unbalanced double-blind incomplete block design was employed.
  • Fifteen patients with panic disorder and 15 healthy controls were randomly assigned to two of four treatment groups (three pentagastrin doses and saline).

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  • Subjects were tested on two separate occasions, one week apart.

    • Main Results:

    • Pentagastrin induced panic attacks in 55% of panic disorder patients (12/22) and 5% of controls (1/22).
    • Saline did not induce panic attacks in any subject.
    • No significant difference in panic attack frequency was observed across the three pentagastrin doses in patients.

    Conclusions:

    • Pentagastrin acts as a panicogenic agent, consistent with previous CCK4 studies.
    • Patients with panic disorder exhibit increased sensitivity to CCK receptor agonists compared to healthy controls.
    • These findings support the involvement of the CCK system in the neurobiology of panic disorder.