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Experimental, clinical and preventive aspects of ototoxicity
1Department of Otolaryngology, Toronto Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Abstract:
Ototoxicity is an important clinical problem and accounts for a significant proportion of sensorineural hearing loss in some parts of the world. Ototoxicity is predominantly an iatrogenic condition. However, with proper dosing, prudent monitoring of serum levels of ototoxic medications and serial audiometry, ototoxicity can be prevented. A number of the more common ototoxic medications, including aminoglycosides, erythromycin, loop diuretics, salicylates, cisplatin, deferoxamine and ototopical agents, are outlined in this review. Their pharmacology, mechanisms of action and methods of preventing complications are discussed together with animal and clinical studies.
Insights
Ototoxicity, often iatrogenic, causes significant sensorineural hearing loss. Careful drug dosing, serum level monitoring, and audiometry can prevent hearing loss from ototoxic medications.
Area of Science:
- Ototoxicology
- Pharmacology
- Audiology
Background:
- Ototoxicity is a major cause of sensorineural hearing loss globally.
- It is frequently an iatrogenic condition, resulting from medical treatment.
- Understanding ototoxic agents is crucial for patient care.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review common ototoxic medications and their effects.
- To discuss the pharmacology and mechanisms of action of these drugs.
- To outline strategies for preventing ototoxicity.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of ototoxic medications.
- Analysis of pharmacology and mechanisms of action.
- Examination of animal and clinical studies on prevention.
Main Results:
- Identified common ototoxic agents: aminoglycosides, erythromycin, loop diuretics, salicylates, cisplatin, deferoxamine, and ototopical agents.
- Detailed their pharmacological properties and mechanisms.
- Highlighted preventative measures including proper dosing and monitoring.
Conclusions:
- Ototoxicity is a preventable clinical problem.
- Proper management of ototoxic medications is key to preventing hearing loss.
- Monitoring serum levels and audiometry are essential preventative tools.