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[Selenium: the physiopathological and clinical implications]

R E Tato Rocha1, E Cárdenas Viedma, E Herrero Huerta

  • 1Unidad Renal, Servicio de Bioquímica, Hospital La Paz, Madrid.

Anales De Medicina Interna (Madrid, Spain : 1984)
|September 1, 1994
PubMed
Summary

Selenium is an essential nutrient vital for antioxidant defense, acting as part of the glutathione-peroxidase system. Maintaining adequate selenium intake is crucial for preventing cell damage and supporting overall health.

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Area of Science:

  • Nutritional biochemistry
  • Environmental health
  • Human physiology

Context:

  • Selenium is an ultra-trace element essential for human nutrition, with daily requirements of 50-200 micrograms.
  • Dietary intake varies geographically, supplied by both animal and plant-based foods.
  • Its primary role is antioxidant, as a component of the glutathione-peroxidase (GPx) enzyme system.

Purpose:

  • To highlight the essentiality of selenium in human nutrition.
  • To explain the role of selenium in antioxidant defense mechanisms.
  • To emphasize the importance of selenium status assessment through GPx activity.

Summary:

  • Selenium is crucial for antioxidant activity, forming part of the glutathione-peroxidase (GPx) system, which protects against free radical damage.

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  • Low selenium levels reduce GPx activity, leading to increased cellular damage that cannot be compensated by other antioxidant systems.
  • Dietary selenium adequacy is key for maintaining nutritional status; deficiency can occur with inadequate intake, while toxicity is rare but notable for its role in cancer prevention.

    • Impact:

    • Assessment of selenium nutritional status is best achieved by measuring selenium-dependent GPx activity.
    • Dietary management is critical for preventing selenium deficiency and associated health risks.
    • Adequate selenium intake may play a role in cancer prevention, underscoring its significance in public health.