Human immunodeficiency virus-associated neoplasms: epidemiology, pathogenesis, and review of current therapy

The development of cancer in the setting of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is a devastating event and highlights the role of impaired immunity in the generation of various neoplasms. Improved strategies to suppress viral replication and prevent opportunistic infections generally have enabled patients with HIV to live longer and more productively. Unfortunately, acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)-associated neoplasia is increasing. Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), primary central nervous system lymphoma, intermediate- and high-grade B-cell lymphoma, and invasive cervical carcinoma are AIDS-defining conditions and the most commonly encountered malignancies. Recent information suggests an indirect role for HIV in the pathogenesis of these tumors. Effective treatment involves addressing complex variables encountered specifically in patients with AIDS. This review focuses on the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and treatment of KS and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.