Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 31, 2026

In Vitro Differentiation of Mouse Granulocyte-macrophage-colony-stimulating Factor GM-CSF-producing T Helper THGM Cells
Published on: September 10, 2018
Interleukin-8 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor secretion in hepatocellular carcinoma and viral
A al-Wabel1, B al-Knawy, S Raziuddin
1Department of Internal Medicine, (Gastroenterology Unit), King Saud University, College of Medicine, Saudi Arabia.
Abstract:
Interleukin-8 (IL-8) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) are important mediators of inflammation and immune response in human disease. To demonstrate their importance in pathophysiological processes in liver disease, we measured the circulating levels of IL-8 and GM-CSF in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and chronic active hepatitis (CAH). IL-8 and GM-CSF levels in serum samples were determined with highly specific and sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. IL-8 levels were more elevated in serum samples of patients with HCC and CAH associated with hepatitis C virus infection than HCC and CAH associated with hepatitis B virus infection. However, in all patients with autoimmune CAH and in some patients with HCC and CAH, GM-CSF levels were elevated over the baseline levels measured in all of the normals, but this difference was not statistically significant for any group. We conclude that IL-8 and GM-CSF are increased in some patients with liver diseases, and as such they may play a significant role in host defense and disease.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Active Drug, Metabolite and Fraction of Metabolized Drug
Hepatic Drug Excretion: Influencing Factors
Factors Affecting Activity Coefficient
The activity coefficient value for an ion is close to one when the solution has almost zero ionic strength, i.e., when the solution shows close to ideal behavior. As the ionic strength of the solution increases from 0 to 0.1 mol/L, a...
Viral Recombination
Viral Structure
Transcription Factors

