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Diabetic twins in Japan

A Matsuda1, T Kuzuya

  • 1Department of Pathological Physiology, Jichi Medical School, School of Nursing, Tochigi-ken, Japan.

Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice
|October 1, 1994
PubMed
Summary
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Diabetes concordance is higher in identical twins (MZ) than fraternal twins (DZ), and more common in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) than insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). Genetics play a significant role in diabetes development.

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Genetics
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Diabetes mellitus is a complex metabolic disorder with suspected genetic and environmental influences.
  • Twin studies are crucial for dissecting the heritability of complex diseases like diabetes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the concordance rates of different diabetes types in monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twins.
  • To explore factors influencing diabetes concordance, including age of onset and cohabitation.

Main Methods:

  • Collected data from 144 twin pairs diagnosed with diabetes or glucose intolerance by the Japan Diabetes Society.
  • Calculated concordance rates for insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) in MZ and DZ twins.
  • Assessed glucose tolerance and insulinogenic index in co-twins of diabetic probands.

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Main Results:

  • Higher concordance rates observed in MZ twins compared to DZ twins for both IDDM (47% vs. 8%) and NIDDM (87% vs. 43%).
  • NIDDM showed higher concordance than IDDM in both MZ and DZ pairs.
  • Living together did not influence concordance; older age of onset in MZ probands correlated with higher concordance.

Conclusions:

  • Genetic factors significantly contribute to the heritability of both IDDM and NIDDM.
  • Environmental factors may play a more substantial role in IDDM than NIDDM, given the lower concordance rates.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the specific genetic and environmental interactions in diabetes etiology.