Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Understanding Self-Concept01:20

Understanding Self-Concept

240
The self-concept encompasses individuals' beliefs about themselves, structured through cognitive frameworks known as self-schemas. These schemas function as mental representations of specific traits or behaviors, influencing how self-relevant information is perceived, processed, and remembered. For example, individuals who are schematic for body weight are more likely to interpret routine experiences—such as dining out or shopping—through the lens of that trait. Conversely, those...
240
Anticoagulant Drugs: Vitamin K Antagonists and Direct Oral Anticoagulants01:18

Anticoagulant Drugs: Vitamin K Antagonists and Direct Oral Anticoagulants

2.2K
Oral anticoagulants are vital tools in preventing and treating blood clotting disorders. This diverse class of medications can be categorized as vitamin K antagonists, exemplified by warfarin, and direct thrombin inhibitors (DTIs), such as dabigatran, as well as factor Xa inhibitors, including rivaroxaban.
Warfarin, a prominent vitamin K antagonist family member, exerts its effect by inhibiting the enzyme VKORC1 (vitamin K epoxide reductase complex 1). By hindering this enzyme, warfarin...
2.2K
Self-Concept01:19

Self-Concept

1.6K
Self-concept is the cognitive and emotional understanding individuals hold about their identity. It evolves through various developmental stages, beginning in infancy and maturing as children grow. This concept influences how individuals perceive their abilities, interact with others, and manage challenges throughout life.
Infancy and Emerging Recognition
During infancy, self-concept is virtually nonexistent. Babies do not distinguish themselves as separate entities and often mistake their...
1.6K
Concepts and Prototypes01:24

Concepts and Prototypes

527
The human nervous system handles vast amounts of information by translating sensory stimuli into neural impulses, which the brain processes, creating thoughts expressed through language or stored as memories. The brain also synthesizes information from emotions and memories, which significantly influence thoughts and behaviors. This intricate process creates a comprehensive mental picture.
The brain organizes this information using concepts, which are mental categories grouping linguistic data,...
527
Formula Mass and Mole Concepts of Compounds02:56

Formula Mass and Mole Concepts of Compounds

80.8K
Formula Mass of Covalent Compounds
80.8K
Anticoagulant Drugs: Low-Molecular-Weight Heparins01:30

Anticoagulant Drugs: Low-Molecular-Weight Heparins

1.8K
Hemostasis is a crucial process that prevents excessive blood loss from damaged blood vessels. It involves various mechanisms such as vasoconstriction, platelet adhesion and activation, and fibrin formation. The importance of each mechanism depends on the type of vessel injury. In contrast, thrombosis is the abnormal formation of a blood clot within the blood vessels, leading to potential complications if the clot obstructs blood flow. Thrombosis can be caused by increased coagulability of the...
1.8K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

A phase 1 trial of <sup>90</sup>Y-Zevalin radioimmunotherapy with autologous stem cell transplant for multiple myeloma.

Bone marrow transplantation·2017
Same author

Autologous stem cell transplant for multiple myeloma patients 70 years or older.

Bone marrow transplantation·2016
Same author

Phase 2 trial of intravenously administered plerixafor for stem cell mobilization in patients with multiple myeloma following lenalidomide-based initial therapy.

Bone marrow transplantation·2013
Same author

Long-term outcome of patients with multiple [corrected] myeloma-related advanced renal failure following auto-SCT.

Bone marrow transplantation·2013
Same author

Patients with immunoglobulin light chain amyloidosis undergoing autologous stem cell transplantation have superior outcomes compared with patients with multiple myeloma: a retrospective review from a tertiary referral center.

Bone marrow transplantation·2013
Same author

Cancer effect on periprocedural thromboembolism and bleeding in anticoagulated patients.

Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology·2012
Same journal

37-Year-Old Woman With Jaundice.

Mayo Clinic proceedings·2026
Same journal

34-Year-Old Woman With An Unidentified Overdose.

Mayo Clinic proceedings·2026
Same journal

Use of Bronchoscopic Cryobiopsy in Evaluating Interstitial Lung Disease: Radiologic Predictors of Diagnostic Yield and Safety.

Mayo Clinic proceedings·2026
Same journal

Advancing Pulmonary Fibrosis Care: Integrating Genomic Insights Into Clinical Practice.

Mayo Clinic proceedings·2026
Same journal

RAAS Inhibition in the ICU: Stop, Continue, or Restart?

Mayo Clinic proceedings·2026
Same journal

Chronic Kidney Disease-In the Limelight, July 2026.

Mayo Clinic proceedings·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 25, 2026

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation for Online Gamers
06:01

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation for Online Gamers

Published on: November 9, 2019

8.5K

Current concepts in anticoagulant therapy

S C Litin1, D A Gastineau

  • 1Division of Area General Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic Rochester, MN 55905.

Mayo Clinic Proceedings
|March 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Understanding the International Normalized Ratio (INR) is crucial for effective anticoagulation. Proper heparin and warfarin overlap therapy, along with individualized risk assessment for mechanical valve patients, ensures optimal treatment and minimizes complications.

More Related Videos

The Combined Use of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation and Robotic Therapy for the Upper Limb
14:56

The Combined Use of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation and Robotic Therapy for the Upper Limb

Published on: September 23, 2018

9.5K
Assessment of the Anticoagulant and Anti-inflammatory Properties of Endothelial Cells Using 3D Cell Culture and Non-anticoagulated Whole Blood
07:08

Assessment of the Anticoagulant and Anti-inflammatory Properties of Endothelial Cells Using 3D Cell Culture and Non-anticoagulated Whole Blood

Published on: September 5, 2017

8.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 25, 2026

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation for Online Gamers
06:01

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation for Online Gamers

Published on: November 9, 2019

8.5K
The Combined Use of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation and Robotic Therapy for the Upper Limb
14:56

The Combined Use of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation and Robotic Therapy for the Upper Limb

Published on: September 23, 2018

9.5K
Assessment of the Anticoagulant and Anti-inflammatory Properties of Endothelial Cells Using 3D Cell Culture and Non-anticoagulated Whole Blood
07:08

Assessment of the Anticoagulant and Anti-inflammatory Properties of Endothelial Cells Using 3D Cell Culture and Non-anticoagulated Whole Blood

Published on: September 5, 2017

8.9K

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Pharmacology
  • Hematology

Background:

  • Standardizing prothrombin time (PT) reporting is essential for consistent anticoagulation regulation.
  • The International Normalized Ratio (INR) provides a standardized measure for monitoring oral anticoagulant therapy.
  • Optimal INR ranges vary, with 2.0-3.0 for most conditions and 2.5-3.5 for mechanical cardiac valves.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the importance of understanding INR in anticoagulation management.
  • To outline recommended heparin and warfarin dosing and overlap strategies.
  • To guide the perioperative management of anticoagulation in patients with mechanical cardiac valves.

Main Methods:

  • Review of established guidelines for anticoagulation therapy.
  • Discussion of therapeutic INR ranges for various clinical scenarios.
  • Analysis of heparin and warfarin initiation and overlap protocols.
  • Risk-benefit assessment framework for discontinuing anticoagulation before non-cardiac surgery in valve patients.

Main Results:

  • Inadequate initial heparinization is a key factor in treatment failure for venous thromboembolic disease.
  • A 4-5 day overlap of heparin and warfarin is recommended for effective anticoagulation.
  • Low-molecular-weight heparins offer an alternative but at a higher cost.
  • Many mechanical valve patients can safely stop warfarin preoperatively, with exceptions for high-risk individuals.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate INR monitoring and appropriate heparin/warfarin management are vital for therapeutic success.
  • Individualized preoperative assessment is necessary for patients with mechanical cardiac valves undergoing surgery.
  • Concurrent medications and comorbidities can increase the risk of bleeding during anticoagulant therapy.