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Calculus formation and inhibition

G H Nancollas1, M A Johnsson

  • 1Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Buffalo 14214.

Advances in Dental Research
|July 1, 1994
PubMed
Summary

Understanding calculus formation requires studying calcium phosphate phases and their interactions. Kinetics and salivary proteins significantly influence mineral deposit growth and dissolution in dental plaque.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomineralization
  • Materials Science
  • Dental Research

Background:

  • Calculus formation involves complex calcium phosphate phases and organic molecule interactions.
  • Thermodynamic and kinetic factors govern the precipitation of specific calcium phosphate phases.
  • Metastable intermediates can form and transform into stable hard deposits in vivo.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Elucidate calculus formation mechanisms by studying the kinetics of calcium phosphate phase growth.
  • Investigate the role of salivary proteins as inhibitors and potential catalysts in mineralization.
  • Analyze the impact of variable pH conditions on supersaturation of precursor phases.

Main Methods:

  • Physical-chemical studies of calcium phosphate phase mineralization.
  • Analysis of surface-controlled reactions versus diffusion.
  • Investigation of ion and molecule absorption at active growth sites.

Main Results:

  • Mineralization is surface-controlled, not diffusion-controlled.
  • Adsorbed salivary proteins can alter their conformation to catalyze nucleation.
  • Variable pH significantly alters supersaturation with respect to precursor phases like DCPD and OCP.

Conclusions:

  • Kinetics of calcium phosphate phase growth are crucial for understanding calculus formation.
  • Salivary proteins have a dual role, inhibiting and potentially catalyzing mineralization.
  • Surface interactions with solution components critically influence mineralization and demineralization rates.

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