Oxidative stress decreases antioxidant enzyme activities in reaggregation cultures of rat brain cells

The brain has been suggested to be especially sensitive to damage by reactive oxygen species. In this study, we examined the effects of hyperoxic conditions on the activities and mRNA levels of antioxidant enzymes in reaggregation cultures of rat forebrain cells. Cultures were exposed to 80% oxygen for 12-60 h starting on Days 17 and 33 in culture. Superoxide dismutase activities and mRNA levels were not affected by hyperoxia, whereas catalase activity was slightly decreased after 24 h in 80% oxygen at Day 17. Glutathione peroxidase activity was markedly decreased already after 12 h of hyperoxia, and decreased activities of glutathione reductase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase were also noted. The glutathione peroxidase mRNA levels were increased in hyperoxic cultures at Day 17 but not at Day 33. These results suggest that the enzymatic defense mechanisms against reactive oxygen species in the brain are rather weak and deteriorate during oxidative stress but that a potential for compensatory upregulation exists at least during the first postnatal weeks.