Intestinal uptake of cimetidine and ranitidine in rats

The H2-receptor antagonists exhibit unusual absorption behavior in that double peaks often occur after oral administration. Moreover, administration with some high potency antacids decreases the extent of absorption. To date, no explanation that can completely account for these observations has been advanced. One problem is that there is a lack of consensus as to the mechanism of absorption of the H2-receptor antagonists from the gastrointestinal tract. In the studies reported here, the mechanism and regional dependence of intestinal uptake of two H2-receptor antagonists, cimetidine and ranitidine, were investigated in rats using the in vitro everted ring technique. The uptake rate of cimetidine from both jejunum and colon was linear with concentration (in the range of 0.0005-40 mM), and there was no significant competition for uptake in the presence of the structurally similar H2-receptor antagonists, famotidine and ranitidine. In the case of ranitidine too, the uptake rate from the jejunum and colon was linear with concentration (in the range of 0.0005-5 mM), and there was no competition for uptake by either famotidine or cimetidine. These data indicate that uptake of cimetidine and ranitidine in the rat jejunum and colon occurs by a predominantly passive process. Both cimetidine and ranitidine exhibited regional differences in uptake rate. Uptake tended to be greatest in the ileum, similar in duodenum and jejunum, and lowest in the colon. However, differences in uptake rates between locations in the small intestine appeared to be too modest to account for the double peak behavior of either compound.