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PCDD/Fs and non-o-PCBs in digested U.K. sewage sludges
A Sewart1, S J Harrad, M S McLachlan
1Institute of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Lancaster University, UK.
Chemosphere
|January 1, 1995
Summary
Polychlorinated dibenzodioxins and furans (PCDD/Fs) in sewage sludge were analyzed. Higher levels were found in urban areas, potentially from pentachlorophenol use, with historical data showing a decline since the 1950s.
Area of Science:
- Environmental Chemistry
- Environmental Science
Background:
- Sewage sludge can accumulate environmental contaminants.
- Polychlorinated dibenzodioxins and furans (PCDD/Fs) are persistent organic pollutants of concern.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze PCDD/F and non-ortho-polychlorinated biphenyl (non-o-PCB) levels in digested sewage sludge.
- To investigate temporal trends and sources of PCDD/Fs in sewage sludge.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of twelve digested sewage sludge samples from England.
- High-resolution mass spectrometry for detailed PCDD/F congener analysis.
- Examination of historical sewage sludge samples (1942-1960).
Main Results:
- Sigma TEQ values in eight samples ranged from 19-206 ng/kg, with higher concentrations in urban/industrial areas.
- Pentachlorophenol use suggested as a major source for more contaminated samples.
- Evidence of changing PCDD/F sources over time and a decline in sigma TEQs since the 1950s.
Conclusions:
- Sewage sludge composition varies based on geographical and industrial inputs.
- Historical analysis reveals temporal shifts in PCDD/F sources and a decreasing trend in contamination levels.