A questionnaire to evaluate disability in osteoporotic patients with vertebral compression fractures

Few studies have reported on the functional disability due to vertebral compression factors in osteoporosis. The Osteoporosis Functional Disability Questionnaire (OFDQ) was developed to assess disability in patients with osteoporosis and back pain due to vertebral fractures. The domains of the OFDQ include: quantitative indices of pain, a standard 20-item depression scale, 26 items relating to functional abilities, a scale of social activities, and confidence in the ability of prescribed osteoporosis treatment to reverse disability.

Reliability of the OFDQ was assessed using test-retest and internal consistency methods. Criterion validity was demonstrated by correlating disability against radiographic evidence of vertebral fractures. Construct validity was demonstrated through comparisons of 81 patients with osteoporosis and fractures to 37 healthy age-matched controls. Additional evidence was found in comparing 45 of the 81 cases who were actively engaged in an exercise program with 36 cases who were sedentary.

The test-retest reliabilities ranged from .76 to .93, with internal consistencies from .57 to .96. The OFDQ correlated significantly with relevant spinal pathology, and showed significant improvements in activities of daily living and socialization when active exercisers were compared to inactive patients with osteoporosis.

The OFDQ is a reliable instrument which correlates well with objective measures of osteoporotic spinal damage. It is also sensitive to changes in disability brought about by participation in our aerobic exercise program. The OFDQ may be a useful adjunct to measuring outcomes in other osteoporotic treatment protocols.