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Congenital malformations at birth

S Swain1, A Agrawal, B D Bhatia

  • 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi.

Indian Pediatrics
|October 1, 1994
PubMed
Summary
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Congenital malformations occurred in 1.2% of newborns, significantly increasing with higher maternal gravidity. These birth defects impacted infant mortality and involved the central nervous system most frequently.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Medical Genetics
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Congenital malformations represent a significant global health concern.
  • Understanding the incidence and risk factors is crucial for early intervention and prevention strategies.
  • These birth defects contribute substantially to perinatal and neonatal mortality.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the incidence of congenital malformations in a cohort of newborns.
  • To identify potential risk factors associated with congenital malformations.
  • To analyze the impact of congenital malformations on perinatal and neonatal outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective study examining 3,932 consecutive newborns at birth.
  • Data collection included physical examination for malformations and maternal demographic information.

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  • Statistical analysis was performed to identify significant risk factors and outcomes.

    • Main Results:

    • The overall incidence of congenital malformations was 1.2%.
    • Central nervous system (39.5%) and musculoskeletal system (14.5%) were the most commonly affected systems.
    • Higher maternal gravidity (4 or more) was a significant risk factor (chi1(2) = 4.67, p < 0.05).
    • Congenital malformations were more frequent in stillborn and low birthweight infants.
    • Maternal age over 35 was not a statistically significant risk factor.

    Conclusions:

    • Congenital malformations affect over 1% of newborns, with significant implications for mortality.
    • Maternal gravidity is a key factor influencing the incidence of birth defects.
    • Targeted screening and support for high-risk pregnancies, particularly those with higher gravidity, are recommended.