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Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare cervical lymphadenitis in siblings: a case report and review

V L Cumberworth1, A C Robinson

  • 1Department of Otolaryngology, West Middlesex University Hospital, Twickenham, Isleworth.

The Journal of Laryngology and Otology
|January 1, 1995
PubMed

Insights

Two siblings developed cervical mycobacterium avium-intracellulare lymphadenitis within a month. Proximity to a pigeon loft was noted as a potential environmental exposure.

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Microbiology
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare (MAI) lymphadenitis is a significant opportunistic infection, particularly in immunocompromised individuals.
  • Cervical lymphadenitis is the most common presentation of MAI infection in children.
  • Environmental exposures, such as proximity to avian sources, are implicated in MAI transmission.

Observation:

  • Two siblings presented with cervical lymphadenitis within a one-month interval.
  • No underlying immunodeficiency was identified in either child.
  • Both children lived in close proximity to a pigeon loft.

Findings:

  • The cases suggest a potential environmental link between pigeon cohabitation and pediatric MAI cervical lymphadenitis.
  • The rapid onset in siblings highlights possible shared environmental risk factors.
  • MAI infection can occur in immunocompetent children with specific environmental exposures.

Implications:

  • This case series underscores the importance of considering environmental factors, like avian exposure, in the diagnosis of pediatric MAI lymphadenitis.
  • Further research into the role of pigeon-related environments in MAI transmission is warranted.
  • Clinicians should inquire about potential environmental exposures in pediatric patients presenting with cervical lymphadenitis.

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