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Related Experiment Videos

Primer residues deposited by handguns

R Cooper1, J M Guileyardo, I C Stone

  • 1Institute of Forensic Sciences, Dallas, TX 75235.

The American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology
|December 1, 1994
PubMed
Summary

Primer gunshot residue, including antimony and barium, can be detected on hands up to 4 feet from handguns. This study provides data on residue deposition for 9 mm, 380 Auto pistols, and 38 caliber revolvers.

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Area of Science:

  • Forensic Science
  • Ballistics
  • Trace Evidence Analysis

Background:

  • Anecdotal evidence regarding gunshot residue (GSR) deposition on hands is common in legal testimony.
  • Limited empirical data exists on the proximity of GSR detection relative to firearm type.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify the deposition range of primer residue metals from specific firearms.
  • To provide objective data for expert witness testimony concerning GSR on hands.

Main Methods:

  • Wipings were collected from pork tissue targets simulating gunshot victims' hands.
  • Targets were placed at varying distances from 9 mm and 380 Auto pistols and a 38 caliber revolver.
  • Samples were analyzed for antimony, barium, and lead using atomic spectroscopy.

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Main Results:

  • Antimony and barium residues were detected on targets up to 4 feet from the tested pistols.
  • Antimony and barium residues were detected on targets up to 3 feet from the tested 38 caliber revolver.
  • Lead residue detection patterns were also observed, though antimony and barium were primary indicators.

Conclusions:

  • Primer residue deposition is measurable at specific distances from firearms.
  • The findings offer empirical data to support or refute claims about GSR presence based on victim proximity.
  • Further testing in actual shooting incidents is planned to validate these findings.