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Primer residues deposited by handguns
R Cooper1, J M Guileyardo, I C Stone
1Institute of Forensic Sciences, Dallas, TX 75235.
The American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology
|December 1, 1994
Summary
Primer gunshot residue, including antimony and barium, can be detected on hands up to 4 feet from handguns. This study provides data on residue deposition for 9 mm, 380 Auto pistols, and 38 caliber revolvers.
Area of Science:
- Forensic Science
- Ballistics
- Trace Evidence Analysis
Background:
- Anecdotal evidence regarding gunshot residue (GSR) deposition on hands is common in legal testimony.
- Limited empirical data exists on the proximity of GSR detection relative to firearm type.
Purpose of the Study:
- To quantify the deposition range of primer residue metals from specific firearms.
- To provide objective data for expert witness testimony concerning GSR on hands.
Main Methods:
- Wipings were collected from pork tissue targets simulating gunshot victims' hands.
- Targets were placed at varying distances from 9 mm and 380 Auto pistols and a 38 caliber revolver.
- Samples were analyzed for antimony, barium, and lead using atomic spectroscopy.
Main Results:
- Antimony and barium residues were detected on targets up to 4 feet from the tested pistols.
- Antimony and barium residues were detected on targets up to 3 feet from the tested 38 caliber revolver.
- Lead residue detection patterns were also observed, though antimony and barium were primary indicators.
Conclusions:
- Primer residue deposition is measurable at specific distances from firearms.
- The findings offer empirical data to support or refute claims about GSR presence based on victim proximity.
- Further testing in actual shooting incidents is planned to validate these findings.