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Enteric pathogens in intensively reared veal calves

S P McDonough1, C L Stull, B I Osburn

  • 1Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis 95616.

American Journal of Veterinary Research
|November 1, 1994
PubMed
Summary

Diarrhea affected 23% of special-fed calves, with most cases occurring early. Poor passive immunity transfer was linked to calf illness and death, with cryptosporidia, coronavirus, and rotavirus being common causes.

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Medicine
  • Animal Health
  • Pathogen Research

Background:

  • Diarrhea is a significant issue in special-fed calves, impacting animal health and farm economics.
  • Understanding the causative agents and risk factors is crucial for effective disease management in veal production.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the incidence and causes of diarrhea in special-fed calves.
  • To assess the role of passive immunity transfer in calf health and mortality.
  • To identify key enteropathogens, including potential zoonotic agents.

Main Methods:

  • Longitudinal observation of 460 special-fed calves across 8 commercial facilities over two 16-week production cycles.
  • Monitoring diarrhea incidence at multiple time points (weeks 0, 2, 4, 8, 12, 16).

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  • Identification of enteropathogens using diagnostic methods and assessment of serum IgG concentrations for passive immunity transfer.

    • Main Results:

    • Overall, 23% of calves developed diarrhea, with the highest incidence at week 0.
    • Enteropathogens, including Cryptosporidia, Coronavirus, and Rotavirus, were identified in 86% of affected calves.
    • Inadequate passive immunity transfer (22% adequate) was prevalent, and lower serum IgG levels were associated with increased mortality and diarrhea.
    • Potential zoonotic pathogens like Giardia, Salmonella spp., and verotoxigenic Escherichia coli were identified.

    Conclusions:

    • Diarrhea is a common problem in special-fed calves, particularly early in life.
    • Failure of passive immunity transfer is a critical risk factor for calf morbidity and mortality.
    • Effective management strategies should focus on improving passive immunity and controlling common enteropathogens.