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[Thyroid autoimmunity and congenital hypothyroidism]

L Chiovato1, P Lapi, F Santini

  • 1Istituto di Endocrinologia, Università degli Studi, Pisa.

Annali Dell'Istituto Superiore Di Sanita
|January 1, 1994
PubMed
Summary
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Foreword.

Journal of endocrinological investigation·2012

Thyroid autoimmunity can cause congenital hypothyroidism. While some antibodies are harmless, others transferred from mother to baby can lead to transient or permanent forms, requiring further research.

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Immunology
  • Neonatology

Context:

  • Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) pathogenesis remains unclear.
  • Thyroid autoimmunity's role in sporadic CH requires elucidation.
  • Maternal autoimmune thyroiditis can impact fetal thyroid function.

Purpose:

  • To review the role of thyroid autoimmunity in congenital hypothyroidism.
  • To differentiate antibody effects in transient vs. permanent CH.
  • To assess the potential involvement of cell-mediated cytotoxicity in CH.

Summary:

  • Maternal TSH receptor antibodies with blocking activity can cause transient neonatal hypothyroidism, though rarely.
  • Thyroid growth blocking antibodies in healthy mothers are not consistently linked to permanent CH.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) is a potential, unconfirmed factor in permanent CH.

    • Impact:

    • Clarifies mechanisms of antibody-mediated hypothyroidism in newborns.
    • Highlights the need for further research into ADCC in permanent CH.
    • Informs understanding of autoimmune impacts on fetal thyroid development.