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Differential hemispheric activation during complex visuomotor performance

C S Rebert, D W Low

    Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology
    |June 1, 1978
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Brain activity, measured by electroencephalography (EEG), shows distinct hemispheric patterns during different cognitive tasks. Alpha power asymmetry varied with verbal processing, spatial tasks, and even watching or playing video games.

    Area of Science:

    • Neuroscience
    • Cognitive Psychology
    • Human Electrophysiology

    Background:

    • Hemispheric specialization is a fundamental concept in neuroscience.
    • Electroencephalography (EEG) is a non-invasive method to study brain activity.
    • Alpha power asymmetry has been linked to various cognitive functions.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate hemispheric differences in alpha power during verbal and non-verbal tasks.
    • To explore the impact of motor involvement and task engagement on brain activity asymmetry.
    • To examine the relationship between alpha asymmetry and task performance.

    Main Methods:

    • Bilateral electroencephalography (EEG) recordings from central, temporal, and parietal scalp locations.
    • Participants (14 human subjects) engaged in verbal tasks (listening to reading material) and non-verbal tasks (imaginative block rotation, watching/playing Pong).

    Related Experiment Videos

  • Analysis focused on alpha power changes and asymmetry between cerebral hemispheres.

    • Main Results:

    • Higher right-hemisphere alpha power observed during passive listening to verbal material.
    • The opposite pattern (higher left-hemisphere alpha power) occurred during an imaginative block rotation task.
    • Alpha power was suppressed in the right hemisphere during Pong (TV tennis), with motor involvement enhancing asymmetry at central and temporal leads; performance showed a non-linear relationship with asymmetry.

    Conclusions:

    • Hemispheric alpha asymmetry is sensitive to the type of cognitive task, including passive reception of verbal information and active spatial manipulation.
    • Engaging with visual-spatial tasks like video games, even passively, can induce significant changes in brain activity asymmetry.
    • Motor engagement in tasks can modulate the degree and location of observed alpha asymmetry, with performance exhibiting a complex, non-linear relation to this asymmetry.