Recurrent renal disease after renal transplantation

Recurrent disease does not lead to the loss of large numbers of allografted kidneys, but it is a source of serious concern in recipients with type I hyperoxaluria and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. In patients with a number of other causes of renal failure, it may affect the use of living related donors. Recent topics for debate include the failure of cyclosporine to modify the incidence of recurrent disease, the realization that IgA nephropathy may in the long term lead to graft destruction, the fact that membranous nephropathy may recur in a quarter of the cases, and the knowledge that a nephrotic syndrome may reappear after transplantation for the Finnish congenital nephrotic syndrome.