Rainbow trout ventricular natriuretic peptide: isolation, sequencing, and determination of biological activity

Ventricular natriuretic peptide (VNP) is a new type of cardiac natriuretic peptide initially isolated from the eel ventricle. VNP has been isolated from cardiac ventricles of the rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, and found to consist of 35 amino acid residues carrying a C-terminal tail sequence with 14 amino acid residues. Thus, the long C-terminal sequence characteristic of VNP was also conserved in the trout VNP. A VNP with 4 amino acid residues truncated from the C-terminus was also isolated from trout ventricles and sequenced. Sequence identity of trout VNP to eel VNP was 77%; while it was 56% to eel A-type natriuretic peptide (ANP). Trout VNP caused characteristic biphasic vasopressor/depressor effects in the trout similar to those produced by rat and eel ANP. Trout VNP and human ANP were almost equipotent in their vasopressor and depressor activity in trout. Unlike eel VNP, therefore, homologous VNP did not exhibit greater activity in the trout. In the rat, however, trout VNP was more potent than eel peptide and was almost equipotent to human ANP for both vasodepressor and natriuretic effects. The high potency of trout VNP appears to be due in part to its longer-lasting effect compared to human ANP.