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Relationship between vocal cord paralysis and benign thyroid disease

M L Collazo-Clavell1, H Gharib, N E Maragos

  • 1Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905.

Head & Neck
|January 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary

Vocal cord paralysis can occur with benign thyroid disease through compression or inflammation, not just malignancy. This study reviews cases of vocal cord paralysis linked to non-cancerous thyroid conditions.

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Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Endocrinology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Vocal cord paralysis is often linked to advanced thyroid cancer.
  • However, it can also be associated with benign thyroid conditions, either causally or incidentally.

Observation:

  • A retrospective review identified eight cases of concurrent vocal cord paralysis and benign thyroid disease.
  • Patients presented with nodular thyroid disease, goiters, or thyrotoxicosis (Graves' disease, subacute thyroiditis).

Findings:

  • Vocal cord paralysis was documented via laryngoscopy in all eight cases.
  • Thyroid conditions included nodular disease (some contralateral to paralysis) and goiters.
  • Thyroid function varied, with some patients euthyroid, on replacement, or thyrotoxic.

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Implications:

  • Benign thyroid disease can cause vocal cord paralysis via compression, stretching, or inflammation.
  • Malignant thyroid disease must be excluded in thyroid abnormalities.
  • Vocal cord paralysis may sometimes be an incidental finding unrelated to thyroid issues.