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Vitamin K deficiency

W E Hathaway1

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver 80262.

The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health
|January 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Vitamin K is crucial for blood clotting by enabling calcium binding. Deficiency leads to bleeding disorders, particularly in newborns, necessitating effective prophylaxis strategies.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Hematology
  • Nutritional Science

Background:

  • Vitamin K (phylloquinone, K1; menaquinone, K2) is essential for synthesizing key blood coagulation factors.
  • It acts as a cofactor for gamma-carboxylation of glutamic acid residues, crucial for calcium binding and blood clot formation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of vitamin K in coagulation.
  • To discuss the clinical manifestations and diagnosis of vitamin K deficiency.
  • To examine strategies for preventing hemorrhagic disease of the newborn (HDN).

Main Methods:

  • Literature review on vitamin K metabolism, deficiency, and prophylaxis.
  • Analysis of diagnostic indicators like PIVKA-II and clotting times (APTT, PT, thrombotest).
  • Evaluation of different vitamin K administration routes and dosages for neonatal prevention.

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Main Results:

  • Vitamin K deficiency impairs synthesis of clotting factors, leading to bleeding.
  • PIVKA-II levels are sensitive indicators of deficiency.
  • Neonatal vitamin K prophylaxis, particularly parenteral K1, prevents classic HDN, but optimal strategies for all forms are still debated.

Conclusions:

  • Vitamin K is vital for hemostasis, and its deficiency poses significant health risks, especially in neonates.
  • Current prophylactic measures are effective but require further optimization for cost-effectiveness and complete prevention of late HDN.