Relation of boron to the composition and mechanical properties of bone

A review of the experimental studies relating boron to biological effects on appendicular and axial bones in animal models suggests that numerous influences, known and unknown, affect the responsiveness of bone to dietary boron. Degrees of skeletal response to boron are modified by other nutritional variables that include calcium, magnesium, vitamin D, and fluoride. Evidence suggests that appendicular and axial bones may differ in their responses. Tests of the mechanical properties of bones may provide useful criteria for assessing the impacts of boron status on bone. These tests might resolve questions about optimal intakes of boron because mechanical properties sometimes respond to boron when composition of bones does not. Difficulty in interpreting some of the existing research arises because of the incipient state of knowledge regarding boron nutriture, to analytical problems associated with determining accurately the small quantities of boron in feed and tissues, and to technological difficulties in controlling extraneous exposure of experimental animals to boron. Yet there is considerable evidence that both compositional and functional properties of bone are affected by boron status.