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Complicated falciparum malaria

S Bag1, G C Samal, N Deep

  • 1Department of Medicine, M.K.C.G. Medical College, Orissa.

Indian Pediatrics
|July 1, 1994
PubMed
Summary
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Complicated falciparum malaria presents with severe cerebral or extracerebral symptoms. Extracerebral malaria, though less common, shows a higher mortality rate than cerebral malaria, highlighting its critical nature.

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Tropical Medicine
  • Clinical Medicine

Background:

  • Falciparum malaria is a severe infectious disease with diverse clinical manifestations.
  • Complicated malaria can present with neurological (cerebral) or non-neurological (extracerebral) symptoms.
  • Understanding the spectrum of presentations is crucial for effective management and improved patient outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the clinical presentations of complicated falciparum malaria.
  • To compare the mortality rates between cerebral and extracerebral forms of complicated malaria.
  • To emphasize the severity of extracerebral presentations.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 50 cases of complicated falciparum malaria.
  • Categorization of cases into cerebral malaria and extracerebral forms.

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  • Documentation of specific extracerebral manifestations including gastrointestinal and renal complications.
  • Treatment with quinine for all cases.
  • Comparison of mortality rates between the two groups.

    • Main Results:

    • Cerebral malaria was observed in 35 cases (70%).
    • Extracerebral features occurred in 15 cases (30%), including diarrhea, vomiting, hepatitis, acute renal failure, and gastrointestinal bleeding.
    • Mortality was higher in the extracerebral group (33.3%) compared to the cerebral group (22%).

    Conclusions:

    • Cerebral malaria is a major cause of mortality in complicated falciparum malaria.
    • Extracerebral presentations of falciparum malaria are equally life-threatening and require serious clinical attention.
    • Early recognition and management of both cerebral and extracerebral complications are vital for reducing mortality.