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Related Experiment Videos

Clinical applications of quantitative acid-base chemistry

K J Whitehair1, S C Haskins, J G Whitehair

  • 1Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis 95616.

Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine
|January 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary

Physicochemical principles explain hydrogen ion (H+) concentration in body fluids, determined by PCO2, strong ion difference (SID), and weak acids. Changes in SID directly impact acid-base balance, aiding clinical evaluation.

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Area of Science:

  • Physiological chemistry
  • Biophysics
  • Medical biochemistry

Background:

  • Understanding hydrogen ion (H+) concentration in body fluids is crucial for physiological balance.
  • Traditional methods often struggle to fully elucidate complex acid-base disturbances.
  • Stewart's physicochemical approach offers a novel framework for analyzing acid-base status.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explain the physicochemical principles governing hydrogen ion (H+) concentration in body fluids.
  • To elucidate the roles of independent variables: PCO2, strong ion difference (SID), and total weak acid concentration (Atot).
  • To demonstrate the clinical applicability of Stewart's model using Fencl's equations for evaluating metabolic acid-base abnormalities.

Main Methods:

  • Application of physicochemical principles to aqueous solutions and body fluids.

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  • Identification of independent variables (PCO2, SID, Atot) controlling H+ concentration.
  • Utilizing Fencl's equations to clinically apply Stewart's model for acid-base analysis.

    • Main Results:

    • H+ concentration is determined by PCO2, SID, and Atot.
    • A decrease in SID leads to acidosis, while an increase results in alkalosis.
    • Fencl's approach effectively identifies and characterizes metabolic acid-base abnormalities, including mixed disorders.

    Conclusions:

    • Stewart's physicochemical model provides a comprehensive understanding of acid-base balance.
    • The strong ion difference (SID) is a key determinant of H+ concentration.
    • Fencl's method enables precise clinical evaluation of metabolic acid-base disturbances and their underlying causes.