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Neurobiological issues in Tourette syndrome
1Department of Neurology and Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287.
Brain & Development
|September 1, 1994
Summary
Tourette syndrome (TS) is a neurological and psychiatric disorder characterized by involuntary tics. Recent research has expanded understanding of its genetics, environment, and neurobiology, focusing on brain circuits and neurotransmitters.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Psychiatry
- Neurobehavioral Research
Background:
- Tourette syndrome (TS) is a complex disorder involving motor and vocal tics, often accompanied by neuropsychological issues.
- It bridges neurology and psychiatry, serving as a model for neurobehavioral studies.
- Despite extensive research since 1885, recent advancements have significantly deepened our understanding.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide a framework for understanding the current neurobiological underpinnings of Tourette syndrome.
- To highlight recent expansions in knowledge regarding TS phenomenology, genetics, and pathophysiology.
- To synthesize current research on the neurobiological aspects of tic disorders.
Main Methods:
- Review of recent literature on Tourette syndrome.
- Synthesis of findings related to phenomenology, genetics, and environmental factors.
- Focus on neurobiological mechanisms, including frontal-subcortical circuits and neurotransmission.
Main Results:
- Significant expansion of knowledge in TS phenomenology and associated problems.
- Increased understanding of the role of genetic and environmental factors in TS.
- Identification of key neurobiological pathways, including dopaminergic neurotransmission and second messenger systems.
Conclusions:
- Current research provides a robust framework for understanding TS neurobiology.
- Frontal-subcortical circuits and dopaminergic systems are central to TS pathophysiology.
- Continued investigation into neurobiological mechanisms is crucial for advancing TS research and treatment.