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[Handicap: definitions, treatment principles, recuperation process]

J M André1

  • 1Institut Régional de Réadaptation, Nancy.

Bulletin De L'Academie Nationale De Medecine
|October 1, 1994
PubMed
Summary

Handicap arises from the mismatch between an individual's condition, life goals, and environment. Addressing handicap requires individualized strategies focusing on personal adaptation and environmental modification to promote independence.

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Area of Science:

  • Rehabilitation Medicine
  • Social Medicine
  • Disability Studies

Context:

  • Traditional disease models overlook daily life impacts.
  • The concept of handicap integrates medical, social, and economic dimensions.
  • The International Classification of Impairments, Disabilities, and Handicaps (ICIDH) model links disease to disadvantage.

Purpose:

  • To define handicap as a maladaptation between an individual and their environment.
  • To propose a framework for analyzing and addressing handicap.
  • To emphasize individualized and methodical treatment approaches.

Summary:

  • Handicap results from an individual's incompatibility with their life plan and environment.
  • Interventions should target the individual (e.g., retraining, assistive devices) and their environment (e.g., social, occupational, physical modifications).

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  • Strategies aim to reduce environmental barriers, avoid stigmatization, and promote independent living.

    • Impact:

    • Highlights the situational nature of disadvantage, dependent on impairment and context.
    • Advocates for personalized treatment plans to enhance an individual's ability to 'lead one's life according to one's own rules'.
    • Promotes a holistic approach to managing conditions beyond the purely medical, considering social and environmental factors.